What is a Tethered Spinal Cord?

Dravet Syndrome Seizure Treatment Options People with Dravet Syndrome often experience a variety of different types of seizures, including prolonged ones. To help, there's Fintepla, a medication approved to treat seizures caused by Dravet syndrome. Fintepla Fintepla works by targeting the brain’s electrical activity, helping to reduce the number and severity of seizures. Doctors prescribe Fintepla when other medications haven’t been effective in controlling seizures. This treatment has shown positive results in many patients, making it an essential option for managing Dravet syndrome. Medications for Dravet Syndrome Seizures Clobazam: This drug is often prescribed alongside other treatments. It helps to control seizures by calming the brain and reducing electrical activity. Valproate: This medication is used to control a variety of seizure types. However, it is not always the best choice for younger children due to its potential side effects. Topiramate: Used to prevent seizures, this medication works by affecting the brain's electrical signals. [youmaylike] Doctors may need to try different combinations of medications to find what works best for the individual. It’s important for patients and their families to closely monitor the medications and any side effects. Dietary Approaches: The Ketogenic Diet For some individuals with Dravet Syndrome, medications may not be enough to control seizures. In these cases, dietary treatments, such as the ketogenic diet, can be very helpful. The ketogenic diet is high in fats and low in carbohydrates, and it forces the body to use fat for energy instead of carbohydrates. This change in metabolism can help reduce seizures. The ketogenic diet should only be followed under the supervision of a doctor or dietitian, as it requires careful planning to ensure that the person gets the proper nutrition. Some children with Dravet Syndrome may experience a significant reduction in seizures after starting the ketogenic diet. Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS) is another treatment option for Dravet Syndrome. This therapy involves implanting a small device under the skin in the chest. The device sends electrical signals to the brain through the vagus nerve, which can help reduce the frequency and severity of seizures. The device can be programmed to give a burst of electrical stimulation when a seizure is detected, helping to stop the seizure or make it less severe. VNS is often considered when medications and diet do not provide enough seizure control. It is typically used in combination with other treatments. Surgical Options In some rare cases, surgery may be an option for treating Dravet Syndrome. If seizures are only coming from one part of the brain and medications do not help, surgery may be performed to remove that part of the brain. This surgery is called a lobectomy or hemispherectomy, depending on the area of the brain involved. Surgical options are not suitable for everyone, and doctors will carefully evaluate the risks and benefits before recommending surgery. Supportive Therapies While medications and other treatments are important for managing seizures, other therapies can be helpful in improving quality of life for individuals with Dravet Syndrome. These may include: Physical therapy: This helps improve mobility and strength, which can be affected by seizures. Occupational therapy: Helps individuals learn daily skills to live as independently as possible. Speech therapy: Helps improve communication skills, which may be affected by seizures. Ongoing Monitoring and Care Managing Dravet Syndrome requires ongoing care. It is essential for individuals with the condition to have regular check-ups with their doctor to monitor their progress and adjust treatment plans as needed. Seizures can sometimes change over time, and it is important to stay flexible with treatment options. The Best Approaches to Seizure Control While Dravet Syndrome can be challenging, there are many treatment options available. With the right combination of medications, diet, therapy and support, people with Dravet Syndrome can lead fuller lives. It is important to work closely with healthcare providers to find the best treatment plan for each individual.

Best COPD Inhalers Inhalers are designed to deliver medication directly to the lungs, helping to open airways, reduce inflammation and make it easier to breathe. Zemaira is an injectable medication that helps people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (a genetic condition that can worsen COPD). 1. Zemaira (α1-proteinase inhibitor) By increasing levels of the α1-proteinase inhibitor in the body, Zemaira helps protect the lungs from further damage. It's not a traditional inhaler, but it is an important treatment for people with specific COPD-related conditions. 2. Spiriva (tiotropium) Spiriva is one of the most commonly prescribed inhalers for people with COPD. It helps relax and open up the airways, making it easier to breathe. It is a long-acting bronchodilator, meaning it works for up to 24 hours, providing day-long relief. This inhaler is typically used once a day. [youmaylike] 3. Advair (fluticasone/salmeterol) Advair is a combination inhaler that contains both a steroid and a long-acting bronchodilator. The steroid works to reduce swelling and inflammation in the airways, while the bronchodilator helps relax the muscles around the airways. This combination helps improve breathing and prevent flare-ups of COPD symptoms. It’s typically used twice a day. 4. Symbicort (budesonide/formoterol) Like Advair, Symbicort is another combination inhaler with a steroid and a bronchodilator. It helps reduce inflammation in the lungs and opens the airways. This inhaler is also used to treat asthma, but it’s a great option for managing COPD as well. It is taken twice a day for the best results. 5. Breo Ellipta (fluticasone/vilanterol) Breo Ellipta is a once-a-day inhaler that combines a steroid and a long-acting bronchodilator. It helps open the airways and reduces inflammation in the lungs. This inhaler is typically used for people with chronic COPD symptoms to help improve lung function. 6. Albuterol (ProAir, Ventolin, Proventil) Albuterol is a short-acting bronchodilator that provides fast relief for sudden breathing problems, like shortness of breath or wheezing. It works quickly to open the airways, helping you breathe easier. It is often used as a rescue inhaler during flare-ups and should be kept on hand for emergencies. 7. Atrovent (ipratropium) Atrovent is another short-acting bronchodilator. It helps relax the muscles around the airways and can be used in combination with other medications to treat COPD. Atrovent is often used multiple times a day and can help reduce coughing and wheezing. COPD Control and Relief There are many inhalers available to help manage COPD symptoms, but the best one for you depends on your specific condition and treatment needs. Zemaira is an important option for people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, while other inhalers like Spiriva and Symbicort help open the airways and reduce inflammation. Speak with your doctor to find the right inhaler for you, and remember that proper use of your inhaler is key to managing your COPD and improving your quality of life. Read on to learn about exercise induced asthma, and how you can cope with it.

Talk to your Doctor About Treatment for Schizophrenia Effective treatment for schizophrenia requires a combination of approaches tailored to each patient’s specific needs. Medication like Uzedy, therapy and lifestyle changes all play a role in managing symptoms, and help patients lead more stable, fulfilling lives. In this article we’ll look at common treatment options for schizophrenia 1. Antipsychotic Medications The cornerstone of treatment for schizophrenia is antipsychotic medication, like Uzedy. It's designed to reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions and paranoia. Antipsychotics work by targeting neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, which is often imbalanced in individuals with schizophrenia. They help stabilize thoughts and emotions, allowing people to better engage in daily activities and therapy. Uzedy (Risperidone Extended-Release Injection): Uzedy is a newer, long-acting injectable form of risperidone, which is particularly helpful for patients who struggle with adhering to a daily medication regimen. Given as a monthly or bi-monthly injection, Uzedy provides consistent medication levels, reducing the risk of symptom relapse. This can be particularly valuable for individuals with schizophrenia, as regular medication adherence is essential to symptom stability. Uzedy’s extended-release formulation allows the medication to work over time, reducing fluctuations and helping maintain a stable mood and thought pattern. Typical (first-generation) antipsychotics: These medications, such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine, were the first types of antipsychotics developed and are effective in controlling positive symptoms like hallucinations. However, they often come with side effects, including stiffness, tremors and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary muscle movements). These side effects can be difficult to manage, which has led to the development of newer, second-generation antipsychotics. Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics: Newer antipsychotics, such as risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole, tend to have fewer side effects related to motor functions. They are often preferred because they also address both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as emotional flatness or withdrawal. Although these medications also come with side effects, such as weight gain and metabolic changes, they are generally better tolerated than first-generation antipsychotics. [youmaylike] 2. Psychotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Medication is often combined with psychotherapy to improve outcomes. CBT, for example, helps patients recognize and change thought patterns that may contribute to symptoms. Through CBT, patients learn strategies to handle paranoia, manage delusions and cope with hallucinations. Therapy provides tools to differentiate between reality and perceptions shaped by schizophrenia, helping patients achieve a better quality of life. Social skills training and family therapy are also valuable, as they equip patients and their loved ones with coping mechanisms and communication skills. 3. Psychoeducation Education plays a critical role in managing schizophrenia. Psychoeducation programs inform patients and families about the condition, helping them understand symptoms, treatment options and coping strategies. Psychoeducation can include information on identifying early warning signs of relapse, understanding the side effects of medications, and managing daily stressors. Patients who are educated about their condition are often better able to manage symptoms and adhere to their treatment plan. 4. Supportive Housing and Vocational Rehabilitation For many individuals with schizophrenia, maintaining employment and independent living can be challenging. Supportive housing programs provide a structured, safe environment where residents receive assistance with daily activities, medication and social skills. Vocational rehabilitation programs, on the other hand, focus on helping individuals develop skills to find and maintain employment. These programs may offer job training, resume building, and interview preparation. Stable housing and vocational support contribute significantly to improved outcomes, providing a sense of purpose and routine. 5. Lifestyle Modifications and Self-Care While schizophrenia requires medical intervention, lifestyle choices also play a crucial role in managing symptoms. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet and adequate sleep are essential. Exercise can help improve mood, reduce anxiety and manage weight gain, a common side effect of antipsychotic medications. Diet is equally important; reducing sugar and unhealthy fats may help avoid metabolic complications associated with antipsychotic drugs. Additionally, sleep is vital for mental health, and establishing a routine can help improve both mood and cognitive function. 6. Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics (LAIs) Long-acting injectables like Uzedy provide an alternative for patients who struggle to take medication consistently. LAIs are administered every few weeks to months, ensuring stable levels of medication and reducing the likelihood of missed doses. LAIs can reduce the frequency of relapses and hospitalization, as they eliminate the need for daily pills. Some other examples include Abilify Maintena, Invega Sustenna and Aristada. For individuals prone to forgetting doses or struggling with self-management, LAIs can provide a more consistent and manageable form of treatment. 7. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) For patients with severe symptoms that don’t respond to medication or therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered. ECT involves a brief electrical stimulation of the brain while the patient is under anesthesia, and it’s typically used when other treatments have failed. ECT has been shown to reduce severe symptoms, particularly catatonic symptoms and severe depressive states in patients with schizophrenia. It is usually a last resort and performed under careful medical supervision, but it can provide relief when other methods are ineffective.