Pathways to Healing Lung cancer starts in the lungs but can spread to other regions of the body. While there is no single cure, there are different treatment options that can be used. In this article, we will look at treatment options, as well as symptoms of lung cancer Roughly 1 in 16 Americans will be diagnosed with lung cancer. While smoking can increase the likelihood of getting a diagnosis, non-smokers are not exempt from this condition. There are many different causes of lung cancer, and people of all ages can be diagnosed. Unfortunately, there is no specific cure for lung cancer. Beating cancer is a little more complicated than taking a few pills or going to a doctor’s office. The disease is more serious and requires more intense intervention techniques. Different Lung Cancer Treatment Options Depending on the progression of the cancer and the patient's general health, a physician may recommend several treatment options. Know that with all treatment options, there is a risk of harsh side effects and a chance that the treatment does not work. Still, these are the best options when it comes to defeating lung cancer, with increased chances of success in cases of early detection. Treatments can be used in combination with one another, or as a standalone option depending on the particular case. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy has been one of the most common treatment options for a long time. It works by using strong chemicals that target rapidly dividing cells. When introduced into your body, chemotherapy drugs will attack all rapidly dividing cells. Unfortunately, these drugs cannot differentiate between cancer cells and healthy cells that just happen to be dividing. The side effects of such treatments can be unpleasant, but most reverse when the treatment ends or can be reduced during the treatment. Common side effects include: Nausea/vomiting. Hair loss. Mouth sores. Pain. Bowel disturbances (diarrhea/ constipation). Loss of appetite. Bruising easily. [youmaylike] Harsher and potentially permanent side effects include: Organ damage (heart, lung, kidneys). Nerve damage. Infertility. Heightened risk of a second cancer. Side effects will also vary depending on the type of drug that is used in your treatment and the way you “take in” the drug. The most common chemotherapy drugs for lung cancer include the following: Afatinib. Bevacizumab. Ceritinib. Crizotinib. Erlotinib. Chemotherapy for lung cancer can be done in the following ways: Injected: Most often this is administered through infusions (IV) but can be given through shots. Implanted: Thin wafers containing the drug can be inserted directly into the site of a tumor or surgery. Pills: Pills and capsules containing the drug are sometimes available. Radiation Radiation is another treatment method. Radiation therapy uses beams of energy to damage cells in targeted regions of the body. The intense energy beams aim at precise locations in the body and damage the cells in that region. While this, unfortunately, means that healthy cells will also be attacked, they are often able to “bounce back” from the damage where cancer cells will be killed. As it is a targeted treatment, side effects are often limited to the region in which the treatment was applied. This means that patients can expect skin problems in the area of application as well as fatigue; these are mostly short-term side effects. Specific side effects characterized by treatments aimed at the chest include: Breast soreness. Stiff shoulders. Difficulties swallowing. Respiratory problems. Radiation fibrosis (permanent lung scarring). There is a low chance of developing long-term side effects, such as the development of a second cancer, as an effect of radiation exposure. Surgery If the cancer is caught early enough, then it can be treated by removing the cancerous tissue at the initial site. The operation can only be successful if the cancer has not yet spread to other regions of the body. The side effects of this treatment will depend on the depth of the removal, the nature of the removed tissue, and its size. For example, removing a tiny bit of the lung will not be as hard to recover from as removing a large piece. Other Lung Cancer Treatment Options Other treatments are being developed that aim to keep the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation treatments without the harsh side effects. While some remain experimental, recently emerging treatments, such as immunotherapy, offer the potential to battle lung cancer. Talk to a licensed care physician to get the most valuable recommendations on which cancer treatment is right for you. Everybody has a different experience and treatments are decided on a case-by-case basis.
CP and CPPS: What is It?
Chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome is a condition that affects the urinary or genital organs. The disease is an inflammation of the prostate and irritation of the nerves around it characterized by chronic pain and discomfort intervals.
The disease is poorly understood and presently has no cure. It causes erectile dysfunction, urinary and bowel problems that undermine a man’s quality of life and often lead to depression.
Symptoms and Causes of Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
Chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome is the most common form of prostatitis. Some symptoms include:
- Pelvic pain
- Sexual dysfunction, including painful ejaculations
- Difficulty or pain passing urine, voiding challenges, or burning sensation while urinating
- Irregular intervals of pain in the bladder, testicles, and penis and up to the anus
For a person to get a CPPS diagnosis, the pelvic pain must have persisted for at least six months. While the exact cause of CPPS is unknown, doctors think either a recurring infection or inflammation of the prostate due to physical trauma may be the cause of it. The initial infection or physical trauma to the pelvic goes undetected, causing nerve damage to the genitourinary (urinary and genital organs) area. With time, the damage spreads to the bladder, ligaments, and pelvic floor muscles. If treatment is not given immediately, it results in pain sensitivity in the pelvic area.
Some risk factors of CPPS include occasions for bacteria entering your body, such as:
- A catheter or an equivalent device that’s placed in the urethra to help drain urine.
- Urinary tract disorders such as urinary tract infections (UTI) or interstitial cystitis, among others.
Diagnosis
A CPPS diagnosis entails using a scoring matrix to eliminate other diseases and checking against any prevalent comorbidities. The tool used to score the symptom is called the International Prostate Symptom Score.
Another tool called the UNPOINT is increasingly becoming popular in the diagnosis of CPPS. The tool classifies the symptoms according to:
- Urinary
- Psychosocial
- Organ-specific
- Infection
- Neurological/systemic
- Tenderness
After the scoring, the doctor or examiner will then undertake physical examinations to assess the abdomen and external genitalia. The examiner may also perform a digital rectal examination. The digital exam will show if the prostate is tender on palpation. It also enables the doctor to examine the pelvic floor muscles and their ability to contract or relax.
Lastly, the medical examiner may want to rule out other pain-causing pathogens. The examiner may carry out additional tests such as:
- Urine dipstick test or an early morning urine specimen
- Urethral swab and culture if urethritis becomes a concern
- Uroflowmetry to calculate the flow rate of your urine
- Retrograde urethrography and a bladder scan to determine the ease at which urine flows from the bladder
- Cystoscopy to examine the lining of the bladder and exclude other causes such as a stricture
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computerized tomography (CT) to help rule out the possibility of pus in the prostate
- A blood test to measure prostate-specific antigen PSA levels to rule out prostate cancer
Afterward, the examiner will check for evidence of sexual abuse and will test for depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) as comorbidity. He or she may also subject you to a self-assessment questionnaire to better understand your pain levels and mental health.
Treatment Options for CPPS
CPPS is treated using antibiotics, anti-inflammation medication, or alpha-blockers.
Antibiotics
Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections that may be the underlying cause of CPPS. However, there is some controversy around using antibiotics because doctors prescribe them even when patients do not test positive for bacterial infection.
The doctors who prescribe antibiotics without a negative test believe bacteria may be present in the prostrate's glands or stroma without entering the urinary tract.
However, antibiotics can only be used for a limited time, usually four weeks, especially for newly diagnosed patients. The antibiotics used in this case are those with non-inflammation properties.
Anti-inflammation Medication
Aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen reduce the pain men experience when dealing with chronic prostatitis or chronic pelvic pain syndrome. However, NSAIDs are not effective by themselves and are used together with alpha-blockers.
Alpha-Blockers
Doctors use alpha-blockers to treat Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) prescribed for CPPS because it relaxes the urinary tract muscles, allowing the free passing of urine. However, research shows that men newly diagnosed with CPPS are more likely to respond positively to alpha-blockers. The effectiveness of alpha-blockers diminishes after a six-month treatment course.