What is a Tethered Spinal Cord?

Best COPD Inhalers Inhalers are designed to deliver medication directly to the lungs, helping to open airways, reduce inflammation and make it easier to breathe. Zemaira is an injectable medication that helps people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (a genetic condition that can worsen COPD). 1. Zemaira (α1-proteinase inhibitor) By increasing levels of the α1-proteinase inhibitor in the body, Zemaira helps protect the lungs from further damage. It's not a traditional inhaler, but it is an important treatment for people with specific COPD-related conditions. 2. Spiriva (tiotropium) Spiriva is one of the most commonly prescribed inhalers for people with COPD. It helps relax and open up the airways, making it easier to breathe. It is a long-acting bronchodilator, meaning it works for up to 24 hours, providing day-long relief. This inhaler is typically used once a day. [youmaylike] 3. Advair (fluticasone/salmeterol) Advair is a combination inhaler that contains both a steroid and a long-acting bronchodilator. The steroid works to reduce swelling and inflammation in the airways, while the bronchodilator helps relax the muscles around the airways. This combination helps improve breathing and prevent flare-ups of COPD symptoms. It’s typically used twice a day. 4. Symbicort (budesonide/formoterol) Like Advair, Symbicort is another combination inhaler with a steroid and a bronchodilator. It helps reduce inflammation in the lungs and opens the airways. This inhaler is also used to treat asthma, but it’s a great option for managing COPD as well. It is taken twice a day for the best results. 5. Breo Ellipta (fluticasone/vilanterol) Breo Ellipta is a once-a-day inhaler that combines a steroid and a long-acting bronchodilator. It helps open the airways and reduces inflammation in the lungs. This inhaler is typically used for people with chronic COPD symptoms to help improve lung function. 6. Albuterol (ProAir, Ventolin, Proventil) Albuterol is a short-acting bronchodilator that provides fast relief for sudden breathing problems, like shortness of breath or wheezing. It works quickly to open the airways, helping you breathe easier. It is often used as a rescue inhaler during flare-ups and should be kept on hand for emergencies. 7. Atrovent (ipratropium) Atrovent is another short-acting bronchodilator. It helps relax the muscles around the airways and can be used in combination with other medications to treat COPD. Atrovent is often used multiple times a day and can help reduce coughing and wheezing. COPD Control and Relief There are many inhalers available to help manage COPD symptoms, but the best one for you depends on your specific condition and treatment needs. Zemaira is an important option for people with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, while other inhalers like Spiriva and Symbicort help open the airways and reduce inflammation. Speak with your doctor to find the right inhaler for you, and remember that proper use of your inhaler is key to managing your COPD and improving your quality of life. Read on to learn about exercise induced asthma, and how you can cope with it.

Talk to your Doctor About Treatment for Schizophrenia Effective treatment for schizophrenia requires a combination of approaches tailored to each patient’s specific needs. Medication like Uzedy, therapy and lifestyle changes all play a role in managing symptoms, and help patients lead more stable, fulfilling lives. In this article we’ll look at common treatment options for schizophrenia 1. Antipsychotic Medications The cornerstone of treatment for schizophrenia is antipsychotic medication, like Uzedy. It's designed to reduce symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions and paranoia. Antipsychotics work by targeting neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine, which is often imbalanced in individuals with schizophrenia. They help stabilize thoughts and emotions, allowing people to better engage in daily activities and therapy. Uzedy (Risperidone Extended-Release Injection): Uzedy is a newer, long-acting injectable form of risperidone, which is particularly helpful for patients who struggle with adhering to a daily medication regimen. Given as a monthly or bi-monthly injection, Uzedy provides consistent medication levels, reducing the risk of symptom relapse. This can be particularly valuable for individuals with schizophrenia, as regular medication adherence is essential to symptom stability. Uzedy’s extended-release formulation allows the medication to work over time, reducing fluctuations and helping maintain a stable mood and thought pattern. Typical (first-generation) antipsychotics: These medications, such as haloperidol and chlorpromazine, were the first types of antipsychotics developed and are effective in controlling positive symptoms like hallucinations. However, they often come with side effects, including stiffness, tremors and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary muscle movements). These side effects can be difficult to manage, which has led to the development of newer, second-generation antipsychotics. Atypical (second-generation) antipsychotics: Newer antipsychotics, such as risperidone, olanzapine and aripiprazole, tend to have fewer side effects related to motor functions. They are often preferred because they also address both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, such as emotional flatness or withdrawal. Although these medications also come with side effects, such as weight gain and metabolic changes, they are generally better tolerated than first-generation antipsychotics. [youmaylike] 2. Psychotherapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Medication is often combined with psychotherapy to improve outcomes. CBT, for example, helps patients recognize and change thought patterns that may contribute to symptoms. Through CBT, patients learn strategies to handle paranoia, manage delusions and cope with hallucinations. Therapy provides tools to differentiate between reality and perceptions shaped by schizophrenia, helping patients achieve a better quality of life. Social skills training and family therapy are also valuable, as they equip patients and their loved ones with coping mechanisms and communication skills. 3. Psychoeducation Education plays a critical role in managing schizophrenia. Psychoeducation programs inform patients and families about the condition, helping them understand symptoms, treatment options and coping strategies. Psychoeducation can include information on identifying early warning signs of relapse, understanding the side effects of medications, and managing daily stressors. Patients who are educated about their condition are often better able to manage symptoms and adhere to their treatment plan. 4. Supportive Housing and Vocational Rehabilitation For many individuals with schizophrenia, maintaining employment and independent living can be challenging. Supportive housing programs provide a structured, safe environment where residents receive assistance with daily activities, medication and social skills. Vocational rehabilitation programs, on the other hand, focus on helping individuals develop skills to find and maintain employment. These programs may offer job training, resume building, and interview preparation. Stable housing and vocational support contribute significantly to improved outcomes, providing a sense of purpose and routine. 5. Lifestyle Modifications and Self-Care While schizophrenia requires medical intervention, lifestyle choices also play a crucial role in managing symptoms. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet and adequate sleep are essential. Exercise can help improve mood, reduce anxiety and manage weight gain, a common side effect of antipsychotic medications. Diet is equally important; reducing sugar and unhealthy fats may help avoid metabolic complications associated with antipsychotic drugs. Additionally, sleep is vital for mental health, and establishing a routine can help improve both mood and cognitive function. 6. Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics (LAIs) Long-acting injectables like Uzedy provide an alternative for patients who struggle to take medication consistently. LAIs are administered every few weeks to months, ensuring stable levels of medication and reducing the likelihood of missed doses. LAIs can reduce the frequency of relapses and hospitalization, as they eliminate the need for daily pills. Some other examples include Abilify Maintena, Invega Sustenna and Aristada. For individuals prone to forgetting doses or struggling with self-management, LAIs can provide a more consistent and manageable form of treatment. 7. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) For patients with severe symptoms that don’t respond to medication or therapy, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) may be considered. ECT involves a brief electrical stimulation of the brain while the patient is under anesthesia, and it’s typically used when other treatments have failed. ECT has been shown to reduce severe symptoms, particularly catatonic symptoms and severe depressive states in patients with schizophrenia. It is usually a last resort and performed under careful medical supervision, but it can provide relief when other methods are ineffective.

How to Get Better Sleep Many people struggle with sleep disorders like hypersomnia and narcolepsy. Thankfully, treatment options like Xywav exist to help manage consistent, healthy sleep patterns. In this article we're looking at five different ways on how to get better sleep, and breaking each one down. 1. Prescription Medications for Sleep Disorders Certain medications are specifically designed to help regulate sleep patterns and address various sleep disorders. These options can be helpful for those who have severe insomnia or issues like narcolepsy: Xywav: Known for its role in managing excessive daytime sleepiness in narcolepsy, Xywav has proven effective in promoting restful sleep. It works by helping to regulate the brain's sleep-wake cycle and is especially beneficial for those with disorders causing fragmented sleep. Ambien: Commonly prescribed for short-term insomnia, Ambien assists with falling asleep faster. Lunesta: Lunesta is meant for short-term treatment of insomnia, helping those who struggle to fall and stay asleep. Belsomra: Belsomra works by blocking orexin, a neurotransmitter involved in wakefulness. It’s effective for people who have difficulty staying asleep and often provides a gentle, non-habit-forming solution. 2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, also known as CBT-I, is a non-drug approach to addressing chronic insomnia. The therapy involves working with a therapist to address thoughts and behaviors that interfere with sleep. Techniques used in CBT-I include: Sleep restriction therapy: Sleep restriction therapy limits the time spent in bed to create a stronger association between bed and sleep. Stimulus control therapy: Stimulus control therapy involves finding activities that promote a restful mindset in the bedroom, such as avoiding screens before bed and not working in the bedroom. Cognitive restructuring: Cognitive restructuring helps individuals shift thoughts from sleep anxiety to positive associations with bedtime, ultimately leading to a better night of sleep. [youmaylike] 3. Lifestyle Adjustments to Improve Sleep Quality While this might seem simple, adopting healthier sleep habits can play a substantial role in enhancing sleep quality. Some essential tips include: Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule: Going to bed and waking up at the same time daily helps regulate the body’s internal clock, making it easier to fall asleep and wake up naturally. Creating a relaxing bedtime routine: Engaging in calming activities, such as reading or taking a warm bath before bed, can cue the body for sleep. Exercising regularly: Physical activity, especially in the morning or early afternoon, can improve sleep quality. Avoiding stimulants: Steering clear of caffeine, nicotine and big meals in the hours leading up to bedtime can help promote restful sleep. 4. Natural Supplements for Sleep Support For those looking for natural remedies, several supplements have shown promise in promoting better sleep. Some common supplements for sleep support include: Melatonin: Melatonin is a hormone that helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle. Melatonin supplements can be particularly useful for those dealing with jet lag or unpredictable and late work schedules. Valerian root: Known for its calming properties, valerian root is believed to play a hand in reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality. Magnesium: This mineral plays a role in muscle relaxation and nervous system regulation, helping to alleviate sleep disturbances caused by tension and stress. Lavender: Either as an essential oil or supplement, lavender has been shown to reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality, especially when diffused in the bedroom or taken in small doses before bed. 5. Improving Sleep Hygiene Good sleep hygiene can make a world of difference for those struggling with sleep quality. Sleep hygiene practices include: Limiting screen exposure: The blue light emitted from screens can suppress melatonin production, making it harder to fall asleep. Consider limiting screen time at least an hour before bed. Using blackout curtains: Blocking out light from outside sources creates a darker environment that can help you fall asleep faster and stay asleep through the night. Keeping the bedroom cool: A slightly cool room temperature is optimal for sleep, as it encourages the body’s natural drop in temperature needed for sleep onset.