Pathways to Healing Lung cancer starts in the lungs but can spread to other regions of the body. While there is no single cure, there are different treatment options that can be used. In this article, we will look at treatment options, as well as symptoms of lung cancer Roughly 1 in 16 Americans will be diagnosed with lung cancer. While smoking can increase the likelihood of getting a diagnosis, non-smokers are not exempt from this condition. There are many different causes of lung cancer, and people of all ages can be diagnosed. Unfortunately, there is no specific cure for lung cancer. Beating cancer is a little more complicated than taking a few pills or going to a doctor’s office. The disease is more serious and requires more intense intervention techniques. Different Lung Cancer Treatment Options Depending on the progression of the cancer and the patient's general health, a physician may recommend several treatment options. Know that with all treatment options, there is a risk of harsh side effects and a chance that the treatment does not work. Still, these are the best options when it comes to defeating lung cancer, with increased chances of success in cases of early detection. Treatments can be used in combination with one another, or as a standalone option depending on the particular case. Chemotherapy Chemotherapy has been one of the most common treatment options for a long time. It works by using strong chemicals that target rapidly dividing cells. When introduced into your body, chemotherapy drugs will attack all rapidly dividing cells. Unfortunately, these drugs cannot differentiate between cancer cells and healthy cells that just happen to be dividing. The side effects of such treatments can be unpleasant, but most reverse when the treatment ends or can be reduced during the treatment. Common side effects include: Nausea/vomiting. Hair loss. Mouth sores. Pain. Bowel disturbances (diarrhea/ constipation). Loss of appetite. Bruising easily. [youmaylike] Harsher and potentially permanent side effects include: Organ damage (heart, lung, kidneys). Nerve damage. Infertility. Heightened risk of a second cancer. Side effects will also vary depending on the type of drug that is used in your treatment and the way you “take in” the drug. The most common chemotherapy drugs for lung cancer include the following: Afatinib. Bevacizumab. Ceritinib. Crizotinib. Erlotinib. Chemotherapy for lung cancer can be done in the following ways: Injected: Most often this is administered through infusions (IV) but can be given through shots. Implanted: Thin wafers containing the drug can be inserted directly into the site of a tumor or surgery. Pills: Pills and capsules containing the drug are sometimes available. Radiation Radiation is another treatment method. Radiation therapy uses beams of energy to damage cells in targeted regions of the body. The intense energy beams aim at precise locations in the body and damage the cells in that region. While this, unfortunately, means that healthy cells will also be attacked, they are often able to “bounce back” from the damage where cancer cells will be killed. As it is a targeted treatment, side effects are often limited to the region in which the treatment was applied. This means that patients can expect skin problems in the area of application as well as fatigue; these are mostly short-term side effects. Specific side effects characterized by treatments aimed at the chest include: Breast soreness. Stiff shoulders. Difficulties swallowing. Respiratory problems. Radiation fibrosis (permanent lung scarring). There is a low chance of developing long-term side effects, such as the development of a second cancer, as an effect of radiation exposure. Surgery If the cancer is caught early enough, then it can be treated by removing the cancerous tissue at the initial site. The operation can only be successful if the cancer has not yet spread to other regions of the body. The side effects of this treatment will depend on the depth of the removal, the nature of the removed tissue, and its size. For example, removing a tiny bit of the lung will not be as hard to recover from as removing a large piece. Other Lung Cancer Treatment Options Other treatments are being developed that aim to keep the effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation treatments without the harsh side effects. While some remain experimental, recently emerging treatments, such as immunotherapy, offer the potential to battle lung cancer. Talk to a licensed care physician to get the most valuable recommendations on which cancer treatment is right for you. Everybody has a different experience and treatments are decided on a case-by-case basis.
Latex Allergy Symptoms to Be Aware Of
A latex allergy refers to your immune system’s reaction to some substances found in natural rubber. These proteins are retained during the production of latex products which can then trigger allergies. There are several ways in which you could get exposed to products made from latex, and these are:
- Skin contact from latex gloves
- By inhaling the powder — most sterile gloves are coated with corn starch powder which is displaced into the air on opening the gloves
- Some medical instruments contain rubber, and when they come in contact with blood, they can trigger an allergic reaction
- By contact with the mucous membranes lining the eyes, mouth, vagina, and rectum
Although a latex allergy is more common among health workers because of their frequent use of latex products, others at risk of developing the allergy include:
- Individuals who use condoms, urinary catheters, or work with rubber frequently
- People who are allergic to food, such as bananas, pineapples, tomatoes, potatoes, and apples
- People with bone marrow defects
- Those with several other allergies and asthma
Allergic reactions to latex do not manifest the same way for everyone and, based on this, they can be classified into two groups:
Contact Dermatitis
This can either be irritant or allergic. Irritant contact dermatitis occurs as a result of prolonged and continuous exposure to the constituents of latex materials. This type is mild and typically starts at about 12 hours after contact. It is characterized by itching, tingling sensations, and scaling of the affected area.
Allergic contact dermatitis, however, is severe and delayed. The reaction is from substances used in processing latex and can be about 24 hours after contact. It affects more areas of the body and takes a longer time to subside.
Hypersensitivity to Latex
This type of allergy is the most severe form. Although it is not common, when it occurs, it can be life-threatening. It can present as allergic rhinitis with malaise, fever, cramps, and itching. There could also be systemic conditions such as chest tightening, low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and an increased heart rate. This type of allergic response requires an urgent visit to the emergency room.
Symptoms of a Latex Allergy
Latex allergy symptoms can vary and depend on how much of the allergen you came in contact with and how your body responds to them. They could be mild, moderate, or life-threatening. Some of the symptoms include itching, small bumps all over the skin with some redness, and pain.
Systemic allergic reactions can appear as:
- Rashes and swelling in parts of your body that didn’t make contact with latex products
- Redness of the face
- Nasal congestion
- Teary eyes
In some uncommon instances, anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening allergic reaction, could occur. This manifests as:
- Oral, nasal, or facial swelling and pain
- Difficulty swallowing
- Difficulty breathing
How to Get Diagnosed
Most cases that present in the clinic are diagnosed based on their symptoms and history of contact with allergens, including latex. In people who do not have symptoms but are concerned that they may have latex allergies, a skin test can be done. Your skin test could be a:
- Scratch test — the latex allergen is applied on your skin’s outer surface and is scratched to get it absorbed
- Intradermal test — a tiny portion of allergen is injected just beneath your skin
- Patch test — this requires sticking a patch containing the allergen on your arm for about two days
The scratch and intradermal test results take about 15 minutes, but the patch test takes days. Also, an allergen specialist has to be present during any skin test to manage any severe reactions before they become life-threatening.
When visiting a clinic, it is vital that you inform the staff of your allergies so they can use alternative materials to avoid a reaction.
Examples of Products Containing Latex and Alternatives
When you think of latex products, it is easy to assume that most of them would be found within a hospital environment. Surprisingly, many common household materials contain latex, and as with most allergies, the more you are exposed to it, the worse the reaction becomes. Some of these household products include:
- Rubber dining and cooking utensils
- Children’s toys
- Rubber slippers and shoes
- Toothbrush handles
- Condoms and sanitary items
- Waterproof beds
- Rubber key handles, bands, stamps, and cords
- Rubber keys on controllers and calculators
Also, latex is included in some items such as balloons, checkout belts, buttons on machines, and gloves worn at restaurants during food preparation.
Therefore, it is important to be conscious of any latex materials in your household and have plastic or metallic alternatives for use. While shopping or using the atm, wear nylon gloves to reduce the chance of unconsciously coming in contact with latex materials.