7 Signs That You Could Have a Latex Allergy

7 Signs That You Could Have a Latex Allergy

Peace Nwoha |Apr 1, 2021

Latex Allergy Symptoms to Be Aware Of

A latex allergy refers to your immune system’s reaction to some substances found in natural rubber. These proteins are retained during the production of latex products which can then trigger allergies. There are several ways in which you could get exposed to products made from latex, and these are:

  • Skin contact from latex gloves
  • By inhaling the powder — most sterile gloves are coated with corn starch powder which is displaced into the air on opening the gloves
  • Some medical instruments contain rubber, and when they come in contact with blood, they can trigger an allergic reaction
  • By contact with the mucous membranes lining the eyes, mouth, vagina, and rectum

Although a latex allergy is more common among health workers because of their frequent use of latex products, others at risk of developing the allergy include:

  • Individuals who use condoms, urinary catheters, or work with rubber frequently
  • People who are allergic to food, such as bananas, pineapples, tomatoes, potatoes, and apples
  • People with bone marrow defects
  • Those with several other allergies and asthma

Allergic reactions to latex do not manifest the same way for everyone and, based on this, they can be classified into two groups:

Contact Dermatitis

This can either be irritant or allergic. Irritant contact dermatitis occurs as a result of prolonged and continuous exposure to the constituents of latex materials. This type is mild and typically starts at about 12 hours after contact. It is characterized by itching, tingling sensations, and scaling of the affected area.

Allergic contact dermatitis, however, is severe and delayed. The reaction is from substances used in processing latex and can be about 24 hours after contact. It affects more areas of the body and takes a longer time to subside.

Hypersensitivity to Latex

This type of allergy is the most severe form. Although it is not common, when it occurs, it can be life-threatening. It can present as allergic rhinitis with malaise, fever, cramps, and itching. There could also be systemic conditions such as chest tightening, low blood pressure, difficulty breathing, and an increased heart rate. This type of allergic response requires an urgent visit to the emergency room.

Symptoms of a Latex Allergy

Latex allergy symptoms can vary and depend on how much of the allergen you came in contact with and how your body responds to them. They could be mild, moderate, or life-threatening. Some of the symptoms include itching, small bumps all over the skin with some redness, and pain.

Systemic allergic reactions can appear as:

  • Rashes and swelling in parts of your body that didn’t make contact with latex products
  • Redness of the face
  • Nasal congestion
  • Teary eyes

In some uncommon instances, anaphylaxis, which is a life-threatening allergic reaction, could occur. This manifests as:

  • Oral, nasal, or facial swelling and pain
  • Difficulty swallowing
  • Difficulty breathing

How to Get Diagnosed

Most cases that present in the clinic are diagnosed based on their symptoms and history of contact with allergens, including latex. In people who do not have symptoms but are concerned that they may have latex allergies, a skin test can be done. Your skin test could be a:

  • Scratch test — the latex allergen is applied on your skin’s outer surface and is scratched to get it absorbed
  • Intradermal test — a tiny portion of allergen is injected just beneath your skin
  • Patch test — this requires sticking a patch containing the allergen on your arm for about two days

The scratch and intradermal test results take about 15 minutes, but the patch test takes days. Also, an allergen specialist has to be present during any skin test to manage any severe reactions before they become life-threatening.

When visiting a clinic, it is vital that you inform the staff of your allergies so they can use alternative materials to avoid a reaction.

Examples of Products Containing Latex and Alternatives

When you think of latex products, it is easy to assume that most of them would be found within a hospital environment. Surprisingly, many common household materials contain latex, and as with most allergies, the more you are exposed to it, the worse the reaction becomes. Some of these household products include:

  • Rubber dining and cooking utensils
  • Children’s toys
  • Rubber slippers and shoes
  • Toothbrush handles
  • Condoms and sanitary items
  • Waterproof beds
  • Rubber key handles, bands, stamps, and cords
  • Rubber keys on controllers and calculators

Also, latex is included in some items such as balloons, checkout belts, buttons on machines, and gloves worn at restaurants during food preparation.

Therefore, it is important to be conscious of any latex materials in your household and have plastic or metallic alternatives for use. While shopping or using the atm, wear nylon gloves to reduce the chance of unconsciously coming in contact with latex materials.

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